The Popularity Of Buddhism As A World Religion - 908 Words

The popularity of Buddhism as a world religion is typically defined by following the tenets of Buddhism through The Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path. These tenets define the ability of a sentient being to attain enlightenment as human being, but also in the animal world. Buddhism holds a deep respect for the intelligence of animals, which define them as sentient beings capable of enlightenment. This type of enlightenment takes place over many lifetimes through the concept of reincarnation. Buddhism acknowledges the immortality of the soul in being able to leave the body after death, and to then travel into the body of another life form. This is one way to understand the different life forms that Buddha (aka. Bodhisattva) had taken over many lifespans, which often involve taking the form of an animal. This is one reason why the Bodhisattva acknowledges the sentient presence of animals as being equal to the lives of human beings in the karmic tradition. Therefore, the Bud dha defines animals as a intelligent beings with a soul, which makes them †sentient beings† capable of enlightenment over the course of many lives. The mindfulness of animals as sentient beings is found directly in the writings about the life of the Bodhisattva. In Buddhist texts, the famous Jataka Tales of the Bodhisattva defines the premise of karma as a form of reincarnation in the Buddhist tradition. The Bodhisattva was said to have been a lion in a previous life, which states theShow MoreRelatedAp World History Dbq Buddhism1014 Words   |  5 PagesBuddhism began by Buddha himself preaching his enlightenment message on his view on the world and how humans should, and the best way to, succeed in the world. However in the 6th century BCE the government had fallen and there was period of instability until the Sui Dynasty took over, during this period was when Buddhism began to majorly spread. After the fall of the Han dynasty, there were many responses to the spread of Buddhism throughout China between the 6th century BCE and 570 CE. BuddhismRead MoreThe Religion Of Buddhism And Buddhism1730 Words   |  7 PagesIn the world today, there are dozens of religions that have spread all over to many parts of the world to promote their idea of spiritual enlightenment and peace. One of the interesting things that occurs with some of these religions is after it spreads to a new area, how it becomes popular with the people and becomes a part of everyday life. The religion of Buddhism is one of these that had this effect when it began to spread from India where it originated, to many Asian countries especially ChinaRead MoreThe Buddhist Religion And Its Move Into America1175 Words   |  5 PagesUntil about a fifty years ago, most people in the United States did not have much exposure to the Buddhist religion. Our only impression of it might have been statues of a grinning, bald Buddha with a large belly at the entrance of most Chinese restaurants. Those statues seemed a little scary and some thought they should nod or rub the belly as they passed as a gesture of good luck. The religion has come a long way in the last twenty years. Hollywood celebrities such as Richard Gere and Tiger WoodsRead MoreEssay on Apwh Ch.9 Study Guide732 Words   |  3 Pagesrealm by inscribing edicts in natural stone formations or pillars he ordered to be erected, established his capital at the fortified city of Pataliputra, created a central treasury to oversee the efficient collection of taxes, and he converted to Buddhism. How did the Gupta administrative practices differ from the Maurya? Ashoka had insisted on knowing the details of regional affairs, which he closely monitored from his court at Pataliputra. The Guptas left local government and administrationRead MoreBuddhism : The Popularity Of Buddhism1306 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhism Culture in China Instructor Dr. Jack Name: Zhoudongxue Zhang Student #: 100311725 Date: 26/11/2015 The Popularity of Buddhism in China Buddhism is one of the most popular religions in the world. The Pew Research Center reports that nearly 488 million people practice Buddhism, which represents 7% to 8% of the world’s entire population. Buddhism is mainly practiced in the Asia-Pacific region with approximately 481,290,000 Buddhists, which means 99% of Buddhists live in Asia-PacificRead MoreReligion and Violence Essay examples1081 Words   |  5 PagesConflict and violence is around us throughout the world and the mass media has made a huge impact of what we think of violence and the relation to religion, especially in the last couple of years. In addition violence has been considered as being part of human nature and comes from our biological structure of aggression. It is an out let for us to relieve stress levels and some believe that it can be a device of vengeance and a positive mechanism to human survival. For example it is a system forRead MoreEvaluate the Changes and Continuities in the Role of Religion in Chinese Society from 600 to 1450.1043 Words   |  5 Pagesto various religions. At different times different dynasties endorsed certain religions while repressing others. While Buddhism flourished during the Sui and Tang dynasty, it faced opposition from the government during the Song dynasty. Confucianism lost government endorsement during the Sui and Tang but gained momentum during the Song as Neo-Confucianism. Yuan dynasty promoted Islam and Tibet Buddhism but ignored Confucianism. Different rulers sponsored and protected different religions but ConfucianismRead MoreThe Spread of Hinduism and Buddhism in Southeast Asia Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesHinduism is a very popular religion in India, being that it could possibly be the oldest religion of all time and originated in India, the Hindu population in India is 80%. With Hinduism being such a popular religion, it competes with Christianity and Islam at 900 million followers of Hinduism worldwide (Miksic, 10). As for the popularity of Buddhism, it is not nearly as prevalent as Hinduism is, even in India. A very important attribute to Hinduism is the caste system. The caste system is comprisedRead MoreWorld Religion s Project Of Buddhism1003 Words   |  5 PagesWorld Religion’s Project Almost 6 percent of the world s population or 350 million people follow Buddhism. Although among them are varying controversies over whether or not Buddhism is a religion or a followed pathway. Buddhism, founded in the late 6th -century B.C.E , and practices the ideas of varying traditions, spiritual practices, and all beliefs focused on the ideas of Gautama or the Buddha. Gautama valued the beliefs and teachings of The Universal Truths and Four Noble Truths and successfullyRead More Comparing Buddhism and Christianity Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Buddhism and Christianity In the early sixth century Christianity was evolving at a rapid pace. The spread of Christianity was not only moving westward through Europe, but it was also moving eastward down the Silk Road. The eastward spread of Christianity was primarily a form of Christianity known as Nestorianism, after the teachings of Nestorius, a fifth century patriarch. By 635 Nestorian Christianity had reached the heart of China spreading through all of Persia and India. During

Essay on A View From the Bridge - Arthur Miller - 1514 Words

A View from the bridge by Arthur Miller Examine the ideas of manliness, hostility and aggression in a view from the bridge. How are these ideas connected? In this essay I will examine the ideas of manliness, hostility and aggression are connected to each other in a view from the bridge. The play is set in a slum near the Brooklyn Bridge. In the story the main character is Eddie carbone and we see many sides to this character throughout the play. Eddie carbone is a middle aged man going through a mid life crisis. Many things are causing this mid life crisis, but the main thing and the most obvious one is the relationship between Catherine and Radolpho. Catherine is the niece of his wife, Beatrice. Catherines parents†¦show more content†¦He believes that you should put your families needs before your own. He lives up to these beliefs because he has many times worked as hard as he could, gone through starvation just so there was food on the table for Catherine and Beatrice. I know this because Eddie says I took out of my own mouth to give to her... ...I walked hungry plenty days in this city! in the play. Marco, who is the elder of the two illegally immigrated cousins, does live up to Eddies views of masculinity. He is everything that Eddie believes a man should be. The reason he immigrated into the country was to provide for is hungry family back in his home in Sicily. He wants his family to have food on the table just like Eddie does. Marco came to the country because he thought that if he worked and earned money he could send it back home to his wife and kids, If I stay there they will never grow up. Eddie takes a liking to Marco straight away. We can see that he respects him because of what he is hoping to do for his family, he seems very interested in Marco and asks a lot of questions, So whatre you wanna do, you gonna stay here in this country or you wanna go back? and Well, youre married, aint you? It then becomes clear that Eddie is losing, or he thinks he is losing, his role of the dominant man in the household. Eddie has always believed that dominant person in the family but now that he has met Marco he feels threatened. HeShow MoreRelatedA View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller1814 Words   |  8 PagesA View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller A View from the Bridge is a 1950s play written by Arthur Miller. It follows the same structure as an Ancient Greek tragedy, where the main actor and in this case Eddie Carbone falls to a tragic and yet a predictable inflicted death. I will be explaining the difference in culture between America and Italy and how this could have affected the outcome of the play. The play A View from the Bridge was written by Arthur MillerRead More A View From The Bridge by Arthur Miller Essays621 Words   |  3 Pages A View From The Bridge by Arthur Miller A View From The Bridge is a play written and directed by Arthur Miller A writer that got interested in a lower part of Manhattan which is across the Brooklyn Bridge from the richer part of New York City where the play is set. Millers play concentrates on a particular community full of Sicilian immigrants. This community has responsibilities towards one another, they look out for each other, but soon a characters betrayalRead MoreEssay on A View From the Bridge by Arthur Miller897 Words   |  4 PagesA View From the Bridge by Arthur Miller Miller intends to portray Marco as both innocent and guilty to the audience. For example, Miller displays his blamelessness by describing him as a family man, who has three children and trusts his wife. He has responsibility for his family, so he has come to America as an illegal immigrant to provide food for them, because if he stays in Sicily they will never grow up. He has immigrated to America because his offspring areRead MoreA View From the Bridge by Arthur Miller Essay2356 Words   |  10 PagesA View From the Bridge by Arthur Miller A view from the bridge by Arthur Miller is a tragic intense play about family struggle, lust, passion and deceit. My aim is too look at the relationship of Catherine and Eddie. To understand the relationship, we must understand the atmosphere and culture. To do this we need to know why Miller wrote the play, background history and why this is significant to understanding the relationship between Catherine and Eddie. Arthur miller wroteRead More A View From the Bridge - Arthur Miller Essay1856 Words   |  8 PagesA View From the Bridge Hes like a weird. This opinion of Rodolfo expressed by Eddie encapsulates the main theme of the 20th century play, A View From the Bridge, by Arthur Miller. Rodolfo is subject to Eddies hostile feelings towards him, emotions like abhorrence, resentment, jealousy and aggression. Eddies belief in manliness and masochistic behaviour is one explanation why he detests Rodolfo with such vehemence. To Eddie Carbone, Rodolfo is the exact opposite of his ideals. He has Read More A View From The Bridge Essay-Arthur Miller3100 Words   |  13 PagesA View From The Bridge Essay-Arthur Miller â€Å"A View From The Bridge† is a story with many themes and aspects such as love, The American Dream, Justice, Law and Family Honour. The story â€Å"A View From The Bridge† is about an Italian American community living in Red Hook, New York. The Italian American community in Red Hook are mainly all immigrants living in the country unlawfully. I will briefly describe the play. Alfieri, an Italian-American lawyer in his fifties, enters the stage and sitsRead More A View From The Bridge by Arthur Miller Essay3621 Words   |  15 PagesA View From The Bridge by Arthur Miller Alfieri is a lawyer who works for the Sicilian community in Brooklyn. He opens the play with a very exposing account of what life used to be like and is like in that particular community. The audience knows from that speech everything about Alfieri and about the community in Red Hook. He launches into graphic detail about past bandits and murders and about how justice is very important to the Italians. The community is the gullet of New York, ´ whichRead MoreConventions of Tragedy in A View From The Bridge By Arthur Miller1100 Words   |  5 PagesConventions of Tragedy in A View From The Bridge By Arthur Miller Arthur Miller manipulates his characters and uses literary devices to effectively convey to the audience the trajectory of Eddie Carbone and his flaws of misconduct in the play, A View From The Bridge. He uses all the conventions of a modern tragedy adequately to help arouse sympathy, suspense and fear from the audience at significant intervals of the playRead MoreMasculinity in A View From The Bridge by Arthur Miller Essay662 Words   |  3 PagesMasculinity in A View From The Bridge by Arthur Miller Miller uses several forms of masculinity to show the audience that in different circumstances and cultures different forms of masculinity are possible. This is shown to us by comparing both extremes of masculinity and what they both involve. In the longshoreman culture respect is as much a part of a man as is his own image. This leads to those members of the community going to extraordinary lengths to keep theirRead MoreThe Role of Alfieri in A View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller1851 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of Alfieri in A View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller In Miller’s ‘A View From The Bridge’, Alfieri holds a vital role. He opens and closes the play, distinguishes between the two acts and in general keeps the audience up to date with the play’s swift pace, providing us with an inside understanding of the events which take place. What is interesting about Alfieri’s role is that he acts not only as a chorus for the play, but that he also partakes in the proceedings

Structure of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay example

Structure of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† â€Å"Almost all literary theorists since Aristotle have emphasized the importance of structure, conceived in diverse ways, in analyzing a work of literature† (Abrams 300). This essay will explore some interesting points in the structure of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† considering the time-frame, foreshadowing, suspenseful incidents, climax and denouement (Axelrod 337). The narrative in this tale is straightforward until the narrator, late in the story, asks the reader: Had Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest, and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch-meeting?† This query gives the reader the option of believing that the story is mostly a dream. The tale†¦show more content†¦The husband cast one look at his pale wife, and Faith at him. What polluted wretches would the next glance show them to each other, shuddering alike at what they disclosed and what they saw! Faith! Faith! cried the husband. Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One! Whether Faith obeyed, he knew not. Hardly had he spoken, when he found himself amid calm night and solitude, listening to a roar of the wind, which died heavily away through the forest. He staggered against the rock, and felt it chill and damp, while a hanging twig, that had been all on fire, besprinkled his cheek with the coldest dew. In this passage Goodman awakens from his dream in the woods. Or is it a dream? When he returns to Salem village the following morning, the conduct of the townspeople is so natural and unruffled that the author interposes the question: â€Å"Had Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest, and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch-meeting?† This dream motif carries over from the very beginning of the story. Points of suspense occur throughout the story: whenShow MoreRelated The Structure of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1968 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Young Goodman Brown† – the Structure  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Q. D. Leavis in â€Å"Hawthorne as Poet† mentions Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† as â€Å"essentially dramatic† : â€Å"The first batch of works I specified [including â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†] is essentially dramatic, its use of language is poetic, and it is symbolic, and richly so, as is the dramatic poet’s. . . â€Å" (27) This essay will examine this and other features of the structure of Hawthorne’s short story.    Leavis’ evaluation ofRead More Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1512 Words   |  7 PagesAmbiguity and Uncertainty in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne, through the use of deceptive imagery, creates a sense of uncertainty that illuminates the theme of mans inability to operate within a framework of moral absolutism.   Within every man there is an innate difference between good and evil and Hawthornes deliberate use of ambiguity mirrors this complexity of human nature. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, is misled by believing in the perfectibilityRead MoreFiction Essay - Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery1051 Words   |  5 PagesLottery† and Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† reveals that different literary elements, such as tone and setting, are used to convey the characters’ arrival at dark, sinister places. II. INTRODUCTION III. SHIRLEY JACKSON’S â€Å"THE LOTTERY† A. Setting the tone: Peaceful and relaxing B. Irony: Even though the mood is relaxing, there is a premonition of something bad to come C. Ending: The ending is implied IV. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S â€Å"YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN† D. SettingRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essat Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown and Thomas Wolfes The Child by Tiger1683 Words   |  7 Pagescompare and contrast essay Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Good man Brown and Thomas Wolfes The Child By Tiger @@@@@ ENGL: Literature and Composition 2011 Robert James Tebow 15 December 2011 Introduction: I. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Thomas Wolfe’s short story â€Å"The Child by Tiger† show glaring similarities in many parts of each stories structure. Even though these stories were set in different time periods and different cultures, there is unityRead MoreComparison Of Young Goodman Brown And The Yellow Wallpaper1211 Words   |  5 Pages In the two short stories, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and The Yellow Wallpaper, † both protagonists, Goodman Brown and Jane’s obsession over an idea ultimately leads to their realization of their ‘failed’ judgement and the formation of a new opinion, which consequently results in the deterioration of their mental well-being. To begin, in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Brown’s beliefs are tested to the fullest extent when he discovers that his wife, Faith has succumbed to the involvement of witchcraft. Brown’sRead More The Deeper Meanings of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1945 Words   |  8 PagesThe Deeper Meanings of Young Goodman Brown Young Goodman Brown, a story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, should be interpreted on a psychoanalytical level rather than a religious one. It is my observation that Young Goodman Brown may very well be the first published work alluding to divisions of the mind and personality theory. Although religion is a direct theme throughout the story, Young Goodman Brown appears to be an allegory with deeper meanings. To explore properly my positionRead More The Symbolism of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2725 Words   |  11 PagesThe Symbolism of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† shows the reader the author’s power as a symbolist.    Frederick C. Crews in â€Å"The Logic of Compulsion in ‘Roger Malvin’s Burial’† explores the symbology that prevails in Hawthorne’s best short stories:    . . . I chose this one tale to analyze because it illustrates the indispensability, and I should even say the priority, of understanding the literal psychological dramasRead MoreElements of Fiction in Young Goodman Brown Essays1761 Words   |  8 Pagesof Fiction are Used in Hawthorns Young Goodman Brown Desiree Terry English Composition II 23 February 2012 Outline Introduction Thesis: Hawthorne uses the Elements of fiction in Young Goodman Brown to depict a story of his family’s history and religious background. I Hawthorne uses time periods, location and physical structure settings that all relate to the Purity society and his historical family story. A. The first setting in young Goodman brown was set in Salem village. This isRead MoreThe Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne1426 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature can be especially revealing in the values and societal structure of the time period during which it was written. For example, in the time of ancient Greece, a matriarchy was prominent, demonstrated by their myths and stories that worshipped female gods or mother-like creators. Later, in the early 1800’s, a patriarchy was strongly evident in American literature. Women were portrayed as weak and appearance-centered beings who had no value, while men were presented as strong heroes who hadRead More Symbolism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay examples2488 Words   |  10 Pages     Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne’s tale, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† is rich in symbolism, as this essay will amply illustrate. Hugo McPherson in â€Å"Hawthorne’s Use of Mythology† explains how the author’s â€Å"inner drama† may be expressed in his symbolism: The imaginative foundation of a writer’s work may well be an inner drama or ‘hidden life’ in which his deepest interests and conflicts are transformed into images or characters; and through the symbolic play of these creations, he comes to ‘know’ the meaning

The Effects Of Disability And On The Population Of...

This paper will provide an in depth discussion on disability and abuse in the population of children and adults. The goal of this paper is to trace the history of intervention, prevention, and policy for individuals with disabilities including thorough review of disabled children, Adults in home setting, DV/IPV, adults in residential settings, and the elderly. In addition, a review of gaps in service provision and implications for improved services, collaboration between interdisciplinary resources, improved monitoring risk, education of individuals with disabilities, education for caregivers, and more accessible resources for managing behaviors and providing support for families, and caregivers will be reviewed. The current state of child and adult protection will also be a point of discussion. Abuse, Neglect, and Disability Defined Consistency in the definition of abuse has been one of the most ongoing variances in abuse prevention. Depending on the discipline, the elements of abuse that is specific to a particular population is typically based on the presentation of abuse against the vulnerable group. Abuse as defined by the World Health Organization is any act or failure to act, which results in the significant breach of a vulnerable persons human rights, civil liberties, bodily integrity, dignity or general well-being, whether intended or unintended including sexual interactions, or financial transactions to which the person cannot consent or which are deliberatelyShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Ableism : Social Costs Incurred By Disability1263 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Costs Incurred by Disability (First Rough Draft) Introduction To the average American, the notion that structural inequity within US government creates disadvantages for those in marginalized groups comes as no surprise. Citizens generally acknowledge race, gender, and class as key determinants in one’s social standing. However, what is often overlooked are the structural benefits of being abled within the US- both physically and developmentally. The disabled population starts at a disadvantageRead MoreHow Self Determination, Education, Has On Children Who Have Special Needs Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effect self-determination, in education, has on children who have special needs. The goal of this paper is to show that people with special needs need to be taught self-determination in order to produce an independent adult who can take care of themselves to their fullest extent. Upon looking at the research cited, it has become evident that a low level of self-determination will result in a child that cannot make decisions for themselves. Those studentsRead MoreDemographic Structure Includes Name, Age, Sex And Ethnicity1071 Words   |  5 Pageswith learning. The majority of children with a learning difficulty do not have an identified diagnosis but some will have, which includes those with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Many of those who have difficulties learning do not have associated learning disabilities as defined above. Approximately 10% of the general population are thought to have learning difficulties. Learning difficulties within children and young people means a learningRead MoreEffects Of Disorganized Attachmentment788 Words   |  4 Pages2004). Young adults who had experienced disorganized attachment with their own caregiver as an infant, have higher levels of overall psychopathology at 17 years of age (Benoit,2004). A previous situation of disorganized attachment can result in a child being impaired to operation skills and self-regulation. However, according to Lyons-Ruth’s study found that 25% of adolescents with disorganized attachment as a baby were not disrupted at seven years old. (Malekpour, 2007). Most children involved inRead MoreThe Effect Of Teenage Pregnancy On Children1636 Words   |  7 PagesThis study examined the effect of teenage pregnancy on children by exploring the results of an ADHD survey, ASRS-v1.1. The study sampled 100 kindergarten students, 50 had teenage mothers and 50 had mothers who gave birth during adulthood. A quantitative research me thod was utilized along with the difference-oriented research strategy approach. The independent variable is identified as the age of pregnancy and the two variant levels are: pregnant teens, ages 13-19, and pregnant women in adulthoodRead MoreTransitions Advantages And Disadvantages800 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many parents who want to ensure their children live the best possible life imaginable. Some lives bring increased challenges through no fault of their own. The struggles life presents can provide hidden opportunities to not only increase their own quality of life but potentially others. The hidden values are not always seen by everyone, however that wasn’t the case in the creation of Transitions. Society values demonstrates a mindset that individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum DisorderRead MoreThe Disabled With The Utmost Kindness And Compassion1449 Words   |  6 Pages In today’s society, people with disabilities are being ignored. Most others in good health don’t consider what life must be like for them. The treatment of these people has become an issue in this county, and there are steps that need to be taken in order to resolve it. Treating the disabled with the utmost kindness and compassion is an important undertaking which needs to endeavored upon. As disabilities in our society are increasing, understanding both the situations the people are in and theirRead MoreChild Abuse979 Words   |  4 PagesChild Abuse 2 Just about all children have many different experiences that will have a major impact on their lives before they reach full maturity. A child can face a lot of dangerous things from the environment surroundings them which might seriously affect their whole life. The definition of Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Child abuse is any action from adult to a child that can be harmful to the child’s body or mental (Children Welfare Information Gateway 2007). In theRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Poverty1511 Words   |  7 Pagesdemographics of poor children are as followed: 56 percent African American, 36 percent Caucasian, and 8 percent are of other ethnicities (Ratcliffe Kalish, 2017). Research found that among poor children, 62 percent graduate from high school compared to the 90 percent of children who never experience poverty (Ratcliffe Kalish, 2017). The long-term effects of the lower graduation rates of children in poverty is that poor children are l ess likely to be successful economically as adults than their less-poorRead MoreMalnutrition And Its Effects On Children821 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In Nepal, malnutrition accounts for 60% of child deaths. More and more than 50,000 children die each year from malnutrition. Side effects vary from child to adult. Malnutrition is most severe in children, causing growth failure, irritability, muscle wasting, swelling of the abdomen and legs, and skin becoming dry. There are two types of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in children, Marasmus and Kwashiorkor: . †¢ Marasmus is linked to weight loss and muscle wasting. Fat beneath the skin

Pirates Piracy and Golden Age Free Essays

Josh Davis FYE 102 Paper 1 9/28/2012 Golden Age Pirates vs. Modern Day Pirates Piracy has been around before the time of the pyramids. Once merchant ship began to deliver goods to other countries, others realized the financial gain that could be made by stealing those goods and selling them themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Pirates: Piracy and Golden Age or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pirates have ruled the seas at different times. Once Europeans settled in the American colonies, pirates plundered towns along the coast and attacked almost every ship they came in contact with. During the 18th century, wars gave rise to privateering; a legal form of piracy. But, after the War of 1812, this was no longer tolerated. Government put an end to most piracy but, today there are still pirates. By comparing the pirates of the Golden Age with the pirates we have today, we can gain knowledge of how piracy has evolved and changed. Execution was and still is an honored method of dealing with pirates. Merchant ships have always found themselves victim to pirates. In November 1998, pirates hijacked a ship off the Chinese coast. Its name was the Cheung Son. After binding and gagging all the crew members, the pirates killed them and threw their bodies overboard. This ship and its cargo were never seen again. Police eventually discovered pictures of pirates celebrating onboard the Cheung Son. They arrested all thirty-eight pirates. A court found all guilty. Thirteen were sentenced to death, one to life in prison, and the rest were sentenced to twelve years. During the Golden Age, many pirates were hung or executed in some way. After Captain William Kid was hung, his body was tarred and placed in an iron cage. The government put it on display as a warning to other pirates. Likewise, another pirate, named Edward Teach, had his decapitated head put on display as a warning also. Punishment was and is a rarity for pirates. Often, pirates escape with their â€Å"treasure†. Golden Age pirates and Modern day pirates share three requirements to flourish. Both need a place to sail where the rewards are substantial. During the Golden Age, the only way to transport goods was by ship. This gave pirates access to an unlimited amount of goods and treasures. Today, small high-speed vessels can easily catch up to larger vessels. The plunder is equally rewarding, but easier to convert into cash. Both generations of pirates need hunting grounds where the risk of detection is small. Golden Age pirates patrolled near Africa, the American and European coast, and as far north as the Caribbean. Today’s pirates thrive off the coasts of Africa and South China. Finally, they both need a safe haven. Port Royal offered a safe place for Golden Age pirates to stay. Many of Indonesia’s islands provide a safe haven for today’s pirates. Weaponry and Technology are very different today than three hundred years ago. Swords and muskets were the weapons of choice for Golden Age pirates. Today, pirates wield automatic rifles and modern communication technology. Past pirates used wooden ships with large crews and used cannons to defend their ships. Today’s pirates used small fast boats with small crews. Golden Age pirates attacked any ship that crossed their path, â€Å"crime of opportunity†. Today’s pirates plan their attacks and select victims before they even leave shore. â€Å"The truth is that modern piracy is a violent, bloody, ruthless practice†¦ made the more fearsome by the knowledge on the part of the victims that they are on their own and absolutely defenseless and that no help is waiting round the corner† Captain Jayant Abhyankar, Deputy Director of the International Maritime Bureau 1999. This statement still held true during the Golden Age. Efforts to end piracy began during ancient times. This Island of Rhodes was the first to include piracy in their maritime laws. In the Golden Age almost every nation had established maritime laws. Sir Charles Hedges, a judge of the British Admiralty Court during the late 1600’s, says â€Å"pirates are thieves who seize a ship and/or its cargo through violent means upon the sea†. Despite many legal attempts to stop piracy an international definition of piracy did not exist till 1958. Article 15, 1958 Geneva Convention of the High Seas and Article 101, 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea defines piracy as â€Å"a violent seizure on the high seas of a private ship or the illegal detainment of persons property aboard said ship for the purpose of private gain, nor can a government commit an act of piracy†. Piracy in the Golden Age devastated the trade economy. Hundreds of ships carrying numerous amounts of goods were plundered. Today, piracy hardly dents the two trillion dollar a year shipping industry. In 1997 losses amounted to â€Å"$. 32 for every $10,000† J. Gottschalk. This leaves little financial incentive for companies to deal with the problem. Violence was and is still very common amongst pirates. No one knows for sure show many people were murdered by Golden Age Pirates but, its number was staggering. Modern day pirates have left a dent themselves. During a five year period the UN High Commissioner said that an estimated 2,283 women were raped and 592 people were kidnaped. This was in Vietnamese alone. In 2000 there were 182 ships that were attacked. Almost half were in the South China Seas according to the Worldwide Maritime Piracy. Captain Abhyankar wrote in An overview of Piracy Problems; â€Å"A total of 202 incidents were reported in 1998. The majority of these attacks were violent. At least 79 persons have been killed and 35 injured during piracy†. Clearly piracy is still a problem. Piracy is as much of a problem today as it was years ago. Pirates of the golden age and pirates of today are more similar than not, but, they do have differences. We have seen that pirates need three common requirements to thrive and their differences in weapons and technology. Piracy has been around for too long and needs to end. Work Cited Abidi, Shahkar. â€Å"Piracy puts trade in choppy waters,† DNA 12 April 2012 Baldwin, James. â€Å"Dodging Pirates in Southeast Asia,† SailNet, 1 March 2002 â€Å"Drop in Piracy Incidents,† Portsworld. com Malaysia, 25 July 2005 Ellis, Eric. â€Å"Singapore’s New Straits: Piracy on the High Seas is on the Rise in Southeast Asia,† Fortune International (Asia Edition), 148:6 (29 September 2003), p. 24 www. cindyvallar. com. â€Å"Pirates and Privateers the History of Maritime Piracy†, 2006 How to cite Pirates: Piracy and Golden Age, Essay examples

Industrial Conflict free essay sample

Industrial conflict refers to all expressions of dissatisfaction within the employment relationship, especially those pertaining to the employment contract, and effort bargain. There are different kinds of industrial conflict which may be divided into two broad classes namely informal and formal. An industrial conflict or dispute is defined as a withdrawal from work by a group of employees, or a refusal by an employer to allow workers to work. Causes of industrial conflict include wage demands, working conditions, management policy, political goals and social issues. The level of wage and salaries is often the major cause of disputes between an employee and employer. It also refers to a demand by employees for an increase in their wage rate or changes to the way in which their wages are calculated or determined. As well, wage demands may relate to pay rates may need to be adjusted to compensate employees in times of inflationary pressures and interest rates. Employees are more likely seek wage increases to maintain their standards of living. Disputes often arise over issues of working conditions and safety at the workplace. Include disputes concerning issues such as leave entitlements, pensions, compensation, hours of work. Employers will need to monitor physical working conditions and provide adequate clothing and equipment, first aid facilities, quality working equipment and amenities such as lunch room, change rooms and toilet facilities. Employees will take action if there is a risk to either their or others health and safety. Disputes are often the result of inadequate consultation by management with their employees. Disputes over changes that management wishes to implement will often cause industrial conflict. Matters include terms and conditions of employment, new awards and agreements, award restructuring, outsourcing and technology acquisitions and structural change. Political goals and social issues refers to non-industrial issues, but rather involves wider issues directed at persons or situations rather than those relating to the employer – employee relationship. Employee unions, federations and associations will often undertake actions that are unrelated to the basic wages and conditions of their member. The different stakeholders in employment relations view the relationship between employers and employees from a range of different perspectives. In unitary perspective employees work together as a team to achieve common goals. The unitary approach in ER assumes stakeholders such as employees and their employers work hand in hand to achieve shared goals. It sees the business as a unified entity in which everyone shares the same purpose and is part of the same team. If conflict does arise, it is seen as the fault of poor employee management or communication problems. Unions are needed. The pluralist perspective believes that conflict between employers and employees given their different aims and interests is expected at times. It also recognises that some interests are shared and that decision making should be shared between the competing parties. Both parties need to accept that the differing views can be considered for successful industrial relations to occur. The radical perspective believes that there are such fundamental differences between employer and employee that is almost certain that conflict will always occur. Sees conflict in the workplace and reflects the traditional view of â€Å"us employees versus those employers†. It believes that employers and employees are too opposed to work together. Stakeholders, who include employers, employees, unions and government organizations play important roles in resolving disputes. Employers use grievance procedures and negotiate agreements directly with employees to resolve disputes. On the other hand, employees use grievance procedures and negotiate with employers with or without unions, on a collective or individual basis. Employer associations also provide information and support to employers, assist in negotiations with unions, represent employers in tribunals. Unions represent employees in disputes from the shop floor to the national level, negotiate with manager, employers and associations, represent employees in tribunals. Government organisations are stakeholders who through their legislation can resolve or even prevent disputes. Government has also established the rules under which the parties negotiate, whether in individual contracts, collective bargaining or in the conciliation and arbitration system. It also has the responsibility of ensuring that these rules are followed, and stands ready to intervene if an agreement cannot be reached. There are two forms of industrial conflicts that can be taken by employees or employers; overt action and covert action. Overt industrial action is highly visible, direct and aimed at gaining maximum awareness and well organised by unions. Lockouts is action taken by employees where employers are not allowed to enter the workplace and are locked out from the workplace unless they agree to follow management order or work as directed. Pickets is where striking workers or a union attempt to gather outside the workplace forming a line to prevent entry of other employees, contract labour or suppliers from entering the workplace. A strike is a withdrawal of labour from production. Strikes are the most overt form of industrial action and aim to attract publicity and support for the employee’s case. Strikes occur when employees withdraw their labour in order to enforce a demand or express a grievance. Ban is when employees refuse to form a task that is usually not specified in their employment contract, such as overtime. Working to rule is similar to a work ban and involves workers only performing what is contained in their employment contract or award and following the strict terms of their employment contract or award. Covert action is not openly acknowledged or displayed with no organisation. Absenteeism usually refers to when employees are unhappy, usually when employees are not being considered by employers in times of dispute, the employees may undertake a system where they do not show up to work and absent themselves. Employees may take industrial action in the form of deliberately damaging physical items and causing vandalism in the workplace. Damage is done by employees to either the product or in production of the product. Employees usually take such action to harm or destroy the image of a firm. High voluntary labour turnover rates are often linked with absenteeism rates as indicators of conflict and dissatisfaction among employees. Conflict can arise when employees believe that they haven’t

Language in Conrads Heart of Darkness free essay sample

The Segmentation of Language in Heart of Darkness Language in the broadest sense is communication between species, with varying degrees of complexity. The purpose of all human languages is to communicate – to transfer a message from one person to another. The message content consists of facts and meaning; being the logical and emotional elements, respectively. Messages may consist solely of facts â€Å"It is five oclock. † or purely meaning, such as â€Å"I love you. † However, most messages require both elements, yet developed countries elevation of fact over meaning has hamstringed languages efficacy. Throughout Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad focuses on this divorce of fact and meaning, providing an interwoven critique of the segmentation of language using frame narrative, analysis of written word, and juxtaposition of modern language with the raw language from untouched Africa. Marlow begins and ends his tale in a lotus position, evoking the concept of mind over matter. But how accurately does this describe Marlow? At many points Marlow loses his composure due to his inability to convey meaning. In the beginning, the â€Å"outside† narrator equates a story’s meaning with a â€Å"haze†, or fog (1893). In his analogy, the meaning is â€Å"brought out† with a â€Å"glow† of light. But shine too much light, and the fog envelopes the path (i. e. facts of the story). This is what happens when Marlow concentrates solely on the point he wishes to convey; the meaning is lost in a sea of emotions with no facts to anchor them, producing anger and frustration that destroy his Buddha emulation. Fernandez 2 Conrad’s use of a frame narrative serves multiple functions. The same phrases conveyed through an ethereal narrator would lack the emotional content. The reader empathizes with a human narrator who has emotions, while an ethereal narrator conventionally can convey options but not utter doubt. The frame narrative underscores the irony that African natives have little difficulty orally telling a story. Civilization’s mass production of the written word has atrophied its citizen’s ability to tell a simple story. Interestingly, the fact that Marlow lived this tale actually frustrates rather than buttresses his ability. Bruffee points out Marlow’s â€Å"disillusionment with words† grows as he gets closer to Kurtz, all the while â€Å"becom[ing] less and less enamored of words as Fernandez 3 the verbose Kurtz talks† (Bruffee 327). As a seaman, Marlow may feel inadequate to perform a job that is outside his profession. The industry of storytelling discourages laymen from attempting this refined skill. Heart of Darkness does have an â€Å"outside† narrator (not Marlow) who is a crewman aboard the Nellie. While nothing is known about this narrator crewman, the other three Nellie passengers represent civilization’s upper-middle class. The Accountant and the Lawyer are fitting recipients of a tale of unethical corporate greed, while the Director, looking â€Å"so nautical† (1891) embodies industrialization’s excessive segmentation, for his position keeps him ashore. Unlike Heart of Darkness, The Return – an earlier work of Conrads – uses a conventional, omniscient narrator that clearly indicates the internal tensions the protagonist feels. Conrad was criticized for this excessive narratorial spoon-feeding, and the novel lacked public appeal. But like Marlow, The Returns protagonist struggles with a dichotomy of language. Upon learning his wife has left him, he exclaims, â€Å"She’s gone! It was terrible – not the fact, but the words; the words charged with the shadowy might of a meaning† (Kramer 8) (emphasis added). Skilleas refers to Conrad’s theme of restraint as the â€Å"saving grace of†¦ work† that anchors one to reality (Skilleas 53). Specifically, it is industrialized work, or work that does not directly provide food, clothing, or shelter, that vaccinates Marlow from insanity. â€Å"[I]ndeed,† says Marlow, â€Å"to be busy with material affairs is the best preservative agent against reflection, fears, [and] doubts† (McIntyre 193). Industrialized work depends upon facts; little emotional meaning is needed to monitor a boiler. Kurtz, alone and engaged in less monotonous work, becomes susceptible. While benign, the native’s culture mixed with paternalistic ideals produces megalomania within Kurtz. Fernandez 4 The restraint of industrialized work goes both ways. Both the chief accountant’s laundress and Marlow’s fireman (boiler operator) were â€Å"improved specimen† after learning a skill (1916). While this implies that civilization protects humanity from savage insanity, Marlow goes out of his way to normalize the natives and their culture. Prehistoric man[‘s]† rituals may be â€Å"ugly† (1916), but he likens them to â€Å"the sound of bells in a Christian country† (1904). Within Heart of Darkness are two written works: Towson’s An Inquiry into Some Points of Seamanship and Kurtz’ pamphlet to the International Society for the Suppression of Sava ge Customs. Both are instructional in nature. As Towson’s book teaches a technical skill, it need solely focus on facts to accurately convey its message. Kurtzs pamphlet is an analysis of how to better the natives. This pamphlet provides the most severe example of language segmentation. An accurate assessment must contain both facts and meaning, yet al the meaning has been stripped from the message. Only facts remain, obscuring and encoding the recommendation to be more palatable, prefiguring Adolf Hitler’s â€Å"Final Solution. † Marlow comments that â€Å"what saves us is efficiency – the devotion to efficiency† (1894). But efficiency is mocked by the pamphlet’s content – seventeen pages are summarized by the postscript’s four words that convey the pamphlets true meaning: â€Å"Exterminate all the brutes! † (1927). Marlow amusingly juxtaposes the Europeans English with the native crew mates language when their steamboat is attacked by Kurtzs natives. The scene begins with the war-cry. (While Marlow later describes the cry as â€Å"protective† (1921), war-cry remains a valid label. ) Besides ethically announces the natives’ presence (something eschewed in modern warfare as inanely chivalrous) its piercing tone conveys – in a few syllables – the fact that the Europeans are trespassing and are to turn back. The underlying meaning – â€Å"I am dangerous† – is also Fernandez 5 conveyed. In this capacity the war-cry mimics nature, as a cobra’s hissing and rattling convey the most lucid message â€Å"Back away or else! † War-cries exist in other cultures. Many Native American tribes used war-cries, and all hand-to-hand combats (i. e. pre-WWI) employed them to different extents. High schools and colleges have extended the practice to the observers, where fans shout chants to spur on their team. The war-cry appears universal. The war-cry has the intended effect on the Europeans, instilling fear and confusion. Their native crew mates, however, display â€Å"an alert, naturally interested expression† (1918). The superior firepower of the Europeans should have alleviated much of their concern; it initially did not, perhaps because none of the Europeans were soldiers. Division of labor, or maybe diplomacy, stripped them of this warrior faculty that is just another facet of the natives’ lives. After the initial shock of the war cry, the Europeans are â€Å"greatly discomposed†. In contrast the natives â€Å"exchange short, grunting phrases, which seemed to settle the matter to their satisfaction† (1919). The breadth of meaningful content exchanged in a couple of grunts is astounding. Industrialization champions the virtue of efficiency, yet the inevitable segmentation under the banner of specialization tends to impede efficiency. For example, current military personnel must be taught code and gestures – a new language – to communicate effectively during battle. While a nation may speak one dominate language, industry jargon and socioeconomic dialects serve to limit the transmission of meaning. Communication is now a college major, creating uncertainty as to who is actually qualified to conduct such a task. Shortly afterward, the manager asks Marlow if he thinks the natives will attack. Marlow responds with a long lecture, stupefying his fellow Europeans. This soliloquy is probably ten to twenty times longer than his fellow natives’ assessment. Many valid reasons, such as Fernandez 6 unfamiliarity with Africa and a sense of diplomacy, exist for Marlow’s loquaciousness. But the contrast does suggest a superfluousness in modern language that impedes its primary goal. Marlow employs body language once, when he turns his shoulder towards the manager after he comments, â€Å"You are the captain† (1921). The natives, however, use body language, including hand gestures, more often. This utilization of the entire body gives the user more tools to effectively communicate. Kurtz’s Russian disciple (the â€Å"harlequin†) throws up his arms while extolling the virtues of his guru (1931). Before this particular gesture, the Russian had many times undulated his arms while speaking. But this occurrence drew the stare of one of the natives onboard the steamboat. The Russians action foreshadows the latter incident where the native woman raises her arms as a final plea for Kurtz to stay or perhaps an abject concession of loss (1940). Heart of Darkness is a journey towards a conversation, as Marlow is â€Å"looking forward to – a talk with Kurtz† (1924). Personally, Marlow’s frustrations in storytelling may be semiautobiographic, as Conrad’s mastery of written English (his third language) was spoken with a heavy French accent and many mispronunciations, proving severe enough to turn down lecturing positions (Pousada 345). Conrad also noted that writing in English â€Å"required a formidable effort on [his] part† (Pousada 346). Despite this, Heart of Darkness displays Conrads adept understanding of the nuances of language. Conrad withholds just enough information to force the reader to think while not inducing frustration. Marlow will never know what exactly â€Å"the horror† is; therefore, neither will the reader. Yet Marlows struggle with his own narration conveys the importance of incorporating both fact and meaning in order to accurately and fully communicate.